The Pangea Insurance Jargon Buster

Sophie Taylor • February 27, 2026

Don't get thrown off by jargon - let us explain what common insurance terms mean.


We've created a jargon buster with some of the most common phrases that get used in the insurance world, broken down into clear, simple explanations.

Bookmark this page and come back whenever you need a quick answer!



  • Additional covers

    Types of cover that are not included with your standard insurance policy. These covers are optional, and you can choose to add them to your policy if you want them.

  • Aggregation Clause

    A policy clause that groups multiple losses into a single claim.


    Often used in commercial insurance - can significantly affect how much you’re paid.

  • Basis of Settlement

    Explains how a claim will be calculated.


    For example: replacement as new, indemnity, or market value.

  • Cover Limit

    The maximum amount of money that your insurer will pay out on a single successful claim. This may also refer to the maximum that they’ll pay out on claims per year.

  • Cooling-Off Period

    A set time (usually 14 days) during which you can cancel a policy.


    You may still be charged for time on cover.

  • Claim

    A request you make to your insurer when something goes wrong and you want to use your policy.


    You only claim if the event is covered by your policy.

  • Declarations Page / Statement of Fact

    A summary of the key information used to set up your policy.


    Errors here can invalidate cover - always check carefully.

  • Endorsement

    A change or addition to your policy wording.


    This could add cover, restrict cover, or clarify terms.

  • Excess (or Deductible)

    The amount you must pay towards a claim before your insurer pays the rest.


    Example: If your excess is £250 and your claim is £1,000, the insurer pays £750.

  • Exclusions

    Situations or events that your policy does not cover.


    Always check exclusions carefully - this is where surprises often happen.

  • Indemnity

    The principle that insurance should put you back in the same financial position you were in before the loss — not better.


    Insurance isn’t designed to profit you.

  • IPT (Insurance Premium Tax)

    A government tax applied to most insurance policies in the UK.


    Currently charged at different rates depending on cover type

  • Lapsed

    A policy will lapse if it comes to the renewal date and the policy holder hasn’t paid to renew the policy.

  • Liability

    Your legal responsibility if you cause injury or damage to someone else or their property.


    Common in business, public liability, and motor insurance.

  • Loss Adjuster

    A specialist appointed by insurers to investigate and assess claims.


    They work for the insurer - not the policyholder.

  • Material Fact

    Any information that could influence an insurer’s decision to offer cover or set a premium.


    If in doubt - disclose it.

  • Mid-term adjustment

    A change made to your policy between the date you bought it and the date it will be renewed.

  • No Claims Bonus/ No Claims Discount

    A discount you earn for not making claims over a certain period.


    More claim-free years usually mean cheaper premiums.

  • Renewal

    When your policy comes to an end and is offered again for another term.


    Premiums and terms can change at renewal.

  • Policy

    The contract between you and the insurer that explains what’s covered, what’s excluded, and under what conditions.


    This is the rulebook for your insurance.

  • Premium

    The amount you pay for your insurance policy — usually monthly or annually.


    Think of it as the subscription fee for your insurance cover.

  • Sum Insured

    The maximum amount the insurer will pay for a claim.


    If your sum insured is too low, you may be underinsured.

  • Third-party

    A person that is not involved with your business. Some examples of third parties may be clients, customers, members of the public etc.

  • Underinsurance

    When the sum insured is less than the true value of what you’re insuring.


    This can result in reduced claim payouts - even for partial losses.


Why Insurance Jargon Matters


Misunderstanding insurance terms can lead to:


  • Unexpected claim rejections
  • Inadequate cover
  • Paying more than necessary


That’s why using a broker for your insurance policies is beneficial and helps with peace of mind that you are covered correctly, after all, it's our job to translate insurance into real-world advice.


If you’re unsure what you need or what your current policy really covers, we’re here to help. Contact Pangea Life for clear advice, tailored cover, and no jargon.

Latest News

By Sophie Taylor October 19, 2022
What is Shareholder Protection and Why is it Important for Business Owners?
By Sophie Taylor July 1, 2020
We’ve all learnt many things as a result of Covid-19; that we can work well from home; that there is a thing as too many quizzes; that we make good or terrible teachers; that we can put on weight far too easy or can turn the living room into a gym; that isolation can be really tough or the catalyst for new invention and a new appreciation for how we value our time and what we do with it. However, I think one of the main things we’ve learned is how financially fragile so many of us are – that a financial back-up plan is vital to get us through difficult times. Fortunately one of the things our government got right in many, although not all, respects was the financial assistance it provided. One of the first things the government announced was the Job Retention Scheme followed by similar arrangements for self-employed workers. More than one in four UK workers (8.9 million) have been furloughed since the scheme began and 2.6 million self-employed workers have applied for the SEISS grant. It could be easy, when we finally come through the other side, because of this safety net, to forget how fragile we were. Or equally it could be easy to think should we hit difficult times again that the net will be there to catch us. Now that may be true if something on such a global scale hits us, but what if the cruel hand of fate doesn’t grab us all but simply points a finger at you? What if the illness that comes isn’t the result of a pandemic but is something much more personal - A serious injury, a critical illness, a mental health issue, a life changing condition? According to research by the insurer Legal and General, the average UK employee and their household is only 32 days from the breadline. 46% of us have less than £1,500 in savings with 23% having none at all. That means nearly half of us are effectively one missed pay packet away from serious financial trouble. Statutory Sick Pay is just £95.85 per week for 28 weeks and after that, state benefits are unlikely to be any better. For most of us this is a huge difference to the 80-100% of pay received whilst furloughed. According to the Office of National Statistics, the average household spends £572.60 per week. So how would many of us would cope if we were unable to work due to a prolonged illness and forced to rely on the state? The answer is that most of us couldn’t, or at least we couldn’t live in the way we do now. Most people, when questioned, think their biggest asset is their home or, if renting, their car. It’s not – YOU are your biggest asset. And yet, we insure our home, our car, our phone and even our pets. But how many of us insure ourselves? According to the Mintel Report of 2020 less than one in 10 adults in the UK have something in place to ensure their income is secure. For mortgage owners this figure rises to only 19% but for the self-employed, possibly the most vulnerable group when it comes to financial resilience, this figure is at 9%. If you’ve not considered protecting your income before maybe now is the time to do so. It doesn’t need to cost much but income protection is a much more complicated product than simple life insurance as it’s designed to be flexible enough so as meet the needs of each individual. It also doesn’t cost anything to speak to a broker to find out exactly what you can cover, the options for underwriting and how much you will need to spend. As the main bread winner in my family I know how much everything depends on my ability to go to work each day and earn a living. I know how quickly things could fall apart if I wasn’t able to, how quickly the dominoes would fall. If this pandemic has reminded us of anything, I think for many us, it’s that the unexpected can happen without much warning and if it does, we need a plan B.